ИСТОРИОГРАФИЯ ПЕРСИДСКОГО ПОХОДА ПЕТРА ВЕЛИКОГО 1722-1723 ГГ. И ЕГО ПОСЛЕДСТВИЙ (К 300-ЛЕТИЮ ПОХОДА)

Авторы

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.32653/CH173581-605

Ключевые слова:

Петр Великий, Персидский поход 1722-1723 гг., Низовой корпус, Западный Прикаспий, историография

Аннотация

Статья посвящена историографическому осмыслению проблемы Персидского похода 1722–1723 гг. Петра Великого и пребывания российской императорской армии в юго-западном Прикаспии в первой трети XVIII в. Историографическое осмысление проблемы даст возможность проследить динамику исторической мысли по истории Персидского похода на протяжении почти трех столетий, выявить наиболее слабо разработанные аспекты, показать новаторские оценки авторов разных исторических эпох, актуализировать новые сюжеты. Актуальность настоящего исследования также вызвана отсутствием историографического очерка даже в жанре статьи по истории Персидского похода Петра I. Проанализирована господствовавшая в дореволюционной историографии практика изучения Персидского похода в контексте изучения завоевательных войн Российской империи на Кавказе. Труды военных и гражданских историков этого периода служили политической цели – обоснованию продвижения и утверждения империи на Кавказском регионе. Главное внимание уделялось военно-политической стороне похода, его внешнеполитическому фону. В это же время появились первые специальные исторические исследования об истории похода, являющиеся ценными историографическими источниками. Многие из них написаны на основе рукописных документов из личного архива Петра I, часть которых в последующем была утрачена или стала труднодоступной. В советскую эпоху значительно расширяется исследование разных аспектов похода, связанных с его предпосылками и причинами, хозяйственно-экономическим освоением региона, вводятся в научный оборот новые документальные данные. Советские историки придерживались концепции об объективно-прогрессивном значении присоединения прикаспийских регионов к Российской империи, независимо какие бы цели не преследовал царизм. Персидский поход Петра I оценивался как защита кавказских народов от тирании Ирана и Турции. В последние два-три десятилетия в изучении проблемы военно-политической кампании 1722-1723 гг. империи наметились значительные успехи, связанные с разработкой новых сюжетов, с использованием современных исторических подходов и введением в научный оборот колоссального фонда архивных документов и нарративных источников. Вместе с тем, в 1990-е годы наблюдаются попытки ревизии «Персидского похода», замены его новым названием – «Каспийский поход», которое за пределами регионального кавказоведения так и не утвердилось. На современном этапе исследователи углубляют и расширяют имеющиеся научные представления по данной проблеме путем применения таких научных подходов, как история повседневности, военно-историческая антропология. В современной отечественной историографии наметилась тенденция изучения исторической памяти дагестанского общества об образе Петра I, исследования проблемы с позиций российско-персидско-­османского пограничья (фронтира), выступавшего не только зоной конфликтности, сопротивления, но и взаимодействия пограничных сообществ и их элит.

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Биография автора

  • Шарафетдин Арифович Магарамов, Институт истории, археологии и этнографии Дагестанский федеральный исследовательский центр РАН
    Звание, должность: кандидат исторических наук, старший научный сотрудник отдела древней и средневековой истории Дагестана Научные интересы: история, национальная политика России на Кавказе, Дагестан, история Дербента, кавказский фронтир, каспийская мореплавание и торговля.

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Опубликован

19.10.2021

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История

Как цитировать

1.
Магарамов ША. ИСТОРИОГРАФИЯ ПЕРСИДСКОГО ПОХОДА ПЕТРА ВЕЛИКОГО 1722-1723 ГГ. И ЕГО ПОСЛЕДСТВИЙ (К 300-ЛЕТИЮ ПОХОДА). ИАЭК. 2021;17(3):581-605. doi:10.32653/CH173581-605