ИСЛАМ КАК ОБЩЕНАЦИОНАЛЬНОЕ КУЛЬТУРНОЕ НАСЛЕДИЕ В ПОСЛЕСТАЛИНСКОМ ДАГЕСТАНЕ: ИЗ ИДЖТИХАДА В ПРОСВЕЩЕНИЕ

Авторы

  • Михаэль Кемпер Амстердамский университет

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.24411/2618-6772-2018-12010

Ключевые слова:

ислам, исламское право, Дагестан, Татарстан, Советский Союз, мирасизм

Аннотация

Начиная с 1960-х годов, ряд дагестанских ученых начали пересматривать роль ислама в истории Дагестана. Важным историческим персонажем, творчество которого рассматривалось в этом аспекте, был дагестанский ученый-правовед конца XVII - начала XVIII в. Мухаммад ал-Кудуки. Ал-Кудуки в среде дагестанских ученых-правоведов был известен тем, что придерживался практики иджтихада, а также выступал с критикой норм обычного права, призывая заменить их нормами шариата. Эта статья повествует о том, как биография и творчество ал-Кудуки были привнесены дагестанскими учеными в советский дискурс об исламе в 1960-е гг. и как его правовая деятельность в вопросах иджтихада была в дальнейшем интерпретирована в марксистских и философских терминах, таких как «рационализм», «прогресс», «секуляризация», повторяя эти термины из риторики дагестанских джадидов 1920-30-х гг. Подобный подход имел место и в Советском Татарстане, где марксистские историки и философы построили похожую модель изучения татаро-исламского культурного наследия в контексте «прогресса» и «просветительства». В обоих случаях авторы брали исламские термины и понятия из мусульманского контекста и употребляли их в ином смысле для конструирования секулярного национального культурного наследия (мирас) которое, согласно советским историкам, подготовило почву для социализма. Вместе с тем, в отличие от Татарстана, такой исламский мирасизм имел в Дагестане многонациональный характер.

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Биография автора

  • Михаэль Кемпер, Амстердамский университет
    доктор исторических наук, профессор, заведующий отделом истории, европейских и религиозных исследований

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Опубликован

30.06.2018

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1.
Кемпер М. ИСЛАМ КАК ОБЩЕНАЦИОНАЛЬНОЕ КУЛЬТУРНОЕ НАСЛЕДИЕ В ПОСЛЕСТАЛИНСКОМ ДАГЕСТАНЕ: ИЗ ИДЖТИХАДА В ПРОСВЕЩЕНИЕ. ИАЭК. 2018;14(2):128-143. doi:10.24411/2618-6772-2018-12010