CATTLE BREEDING OF THE KATAI BASHKIRS IN THE INZER BASIN IN THE 14th - EARLY 21st CENTURIES
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32653/CH133107-119Keywords:
Inzer basin, Katai Bashkirs, Chiyalik culture, mountain-forest zone, semi-nomadic cattle breeding, nomadic cattle breedingAbstract
Basing on ethnographic, archival and archaeological data, the authors of the article analyze the features of the development of cattle breeding among the Katai Bashkirs from ancient times up to our days. Due to traditions and geographical and climatic factors, cattle breeding has been the main occupation of the Katai Bashkirs until today. The Katai Bashkirs live in the mountain-forest zone of the Southern Urals in the territory of the Inzer basin in the Beloretsky District of the Republic of Bashkortostan. The peculiarities of the natural and geographical zone, primarily its inaccessibility and the lack of large open spaces, have created conditions for preservation of ethnic traditions, for separate development of material and spiritual culture of the ethnoterritorial group of the Bashkirs. The study of the Katai Bashkirs of the Inzer basin allows tracing changes in the way of life of the Bashkirs from semi-nomadic one to the formation of farms and the development of horse breeding. The origin of the Katai (kytai, ktai) tribal group is associated with the Mongolian tribes of the Kara-Khitais, or Khitans, that came to the territory in question at the end of the 14th century. In the 15th - 16th centuries the territory of the Inzer basin was part of the Historical Bashkortostan. The field materials of one of the authors of the article, as well as written and archaeological data, speak of the nomadic way of life of the Bashkirs during the Middle Ages. After resettlement to the territory of the Inzer basin, the Katai Bashkirs adapted to local natural conditions and began to lead a semi-nomadic way of life. In the 18th century there was a sharp change in economic activity. At the end of the 19th century, the cattle number reduced. This was due to the fact that Russians captured Bashkir lands and constructed mining plants in the territory of the Inzer basin, and it led to reduction of pasture and hayfields. At the beginning of the 20th century, the Katai Bashkirs were still engaged in semi-nomadic cattle breeding. Mass exodus ceased in 1921-1922. According to informants, the last nomadic migration was in 1932. At the end of the 20th century, farms for breeding horses appeared in this territory.Downloads
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- reimburse the legal cost, expenses and loss incurred by the Publisher as a result of application of a pre-award relief and measures for execution of a judgment, and damages paid by the Publisher to any third party for the infringement of exclusive copyright and/or other intellectual property rights, as well as other expenditures incurred by the Publisher as a result of infringement by the Author of any warranties provided hereunder.
10.3. Subject to Article 6 of the Federal Law On Personal Data No. 152-FZ dated July 27, 2006, for the period from the conclusion of this Agreement and until the discharge of Parties obligations hereunder, the Author expresses his/her consent to processing of the following personal data by the Publisher: last name, first name, patronymic; taxpayers identification number (TIN); place and date of birth; citizenship details; ID document details; registration and actual location address; e-mail address; mailing address with postal code; contact phone numbers; fax numbers; and details of the employers.
10.4. The Publisher is entitled to process the above personal data for the purpose of this Agreement performance, including for provision of information and reference services to the Author. The processing of personal data shall be understood to mean any handing (operations) with personal data, including collection, systematization, accumulation, storage, refinement (update, alteration), use, distribution (including transfer to third parties), depersonalization, blocking and deletion of personal data in accordance with the effective Russian Federation legislation.
10.5. Where permitted by the Russian Federation legislation, the Author is entitled to withdraw his/her consent to processing of personal data as listed in Clause 10.3 by forwarding a respective notice to the Publisher. Upon receipt of such notice, the Publisher has a right to suspend services.
10.6. The Author will, on a goodwill basis, submit his/her details (and details of each Co-Author subject to their prior consent) to the Journal's Editorial Office consisting of his/her: last name, first name, patronymic, academic rank, academic degree, job title, employer details (name and mailing address), work phone number and e-mail address for the purpose of its general publication in the Journal along with the Article.
- Registered Address and Particulars of the Publisher
The Institute of History, Archeology and Ethnography of the Dagestan Scientific Centre of Russian Academy of Sciences.
Address: M. Yaragskogo st. 75, Makhachkala, Republic of Daghestan, 367030, Russian Federation.
Tel./fax: +7 (872) 262-4571, +7 (872) 262-9097
E-mail: caucasushistory@yandex.ru



