ABOUT DATING OF PETROGLYPHS OF GOBUSTAN (AZERBAIJAN)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32653/CH173658-683Keywords:
petroglyphs of Gobustan, Ana-zaga cave, Gaya Arasi, Firuz, Beyukdash, Kichikdash, dating of petroglyphs, Gobustan archeological complexAbstract
Since the discovery of the petroglyphs of Gobustan, there have been numerous studies of petroglyphs, field work on documentation, and archeological excavations. Despite the extensive literature on Gobustan, the issue of dating the rock paintings remains controversial. The author of the paper, using the results of radiocarbon dating and the 3D Studio Max software, classifies the petroglyphs by periods. As a result, the oldest date – 13 610 CD (calibrated date) – was revealed in Gobustan in the rocky shelter of Gaya Arasi on the Kichikdash mountain. The next oldest date is approximately 10,600 CD, which was obtained from the cultural layer of the Ana-zaga cave of the Beyukdash mountain. Considering that the Late Khvalyn transgression took place nearly 14,000 years ago, and during this period the waters of the Khvalyn Sea washed the Beyukdash, Kichikdash and Dzhingirdag mountains, the interval between these dates may be due to the fluctuations of the sea level. Based on the research carried out and the dates obtained, the author singles out 9 stylistic and chronological trends in the petroglyphs of Gobustan, including the period of the Middle Ages and the Modern Age. The author emphasizes that the uniqueness of the Gobustan archaeological complex lies in the fact that separate stones with petroglyphs identical to the rock carvings on the walls of the caves were discovered from dated cultural layers. In addition, stylistic and comparative analysis allowed the author to date the rock carvings of Gobustan.
As a result of the research, it has been revealed that the settlements of the end of the Upper Paleolithic and Mesolithic Ages were mainly located on the upper terraces of the mountains. In the Neolithic and Eneolithic Ages, with the rise in the level of the Caspian Sea, the caves retained the status of the main place of residence. With the lowering of the sea level in the Bronze Age, the middle and lower terraces were inhabited. During this period, the settlers of Gobustan, who were engaged in cattle breeding, painted images of bezoar goats with large curved horns on the rocks. At the foot of the mountains, the round settlements and the tradition of kurgan burials emerged.
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- Рис. 1. Территория Гобустана с у (Russian)
- Рис. 2. Отколотый от скалы камен (Russian)
- Рис.3. Отдельный камень, обнаруж (Russian)
- Рис.4. Отдельный камень, обнаруж (Russian)
- Рис.5. Отдельный камень, обнаруж (Russian)
- Рис. 6. Отдельный камень, обнару (Russian)
- Рис.7. Радиоуглеродная датировка (Russian)
- Рис. 8. Новые фигуры, обнаруженн (Russian)
- Рис. 9. Новая антропоморфная фиг (Russian)
- Рис. 10. Радиоуглеродная датиров (Russian)
- Рис. 11. Радиоуглеродная датиров (Russian)
- Рис. 12. Гора Беюкдаш, верхняя т (Russian)
- Рис.13. Применение программы «D- (Russian)
- Рис.14. Гора Беюкдаш, верхняя те (Russian)
- Рис.15. Гора Беюкдаш, верхняя те (Russian)
- Рис. 16. Радиоуглеродная датиров (Russian)
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- immediately upon receipt of a Publisher's notification, take measures to settle disputes with such third party, and, where necessary, join the litigation in favor of the Publisher and use its best endeavors to exclude the Publisher from the defendants;
- reimburse the legal cost, expenses and loss incurred by the Publisher as a result of application of a pre-award relief and measures for execution of a judgment, and damages paid by the Publisher to any third party for the infringement of exclusive copyright and/or other intellectual property rights, as well as other expenditures incurred by the Publisher as a result of infringement by the Author of any warranties provided hereunder.
10.3. Subject to Article 6 of the Federal Law On Personal Data No. 152-FZ dated July 27, 2006, for the period from the conclusion of this Agreement and until the discharge of Parties obligations hereunder, the Author expresses his/her consent to processing of the following personal data by the Publisher: last name, first name, patronymic; taxpayers identification number (TIN); place and date of birth; citizenship details; ID document details; registration and actual location address; e-mail address; mailing address with postal code; contact phone numbers; fax numbers; and details of the employers.
10.4. The Publisher is entitled to process the above personal data for the purpose of this Agreement performance, including for provision of information and reference services to the Author. The processing of personal data shall be understood to mean any handing (operations) with personal data, including collection, systematization, accumulation, storage, refinement (update, alteration), use, distribution (including transfer to third parties), depersonalization, blocking and deletion of personal data in accordance with the effective Russian Federation legislation.
10.5. Where permitted by the Russian Federation legislation, the Author is entitled to withdraw his/her consent to processing of personal data as listed in Clause 10.3 by forwarding a respective notice to the Publisher. Upon receipt of such notice, the Publisher has a right to suspend services.
10.6. The Author will, on a goodwill basis, submit his/her details (and details of each Co-Author subject to their prior consent) to the Journal's Editorial Office consisting of his/her: last name, first name, patronymic, academic rank, academic degree, job title, employer details (name and mailing address), work phone number and e-mail address for the purpose of its general publication in the Journal along with the Article.
- Registered Address and Particulars of the Publisher
The Institute of History, Archeology and Ethnography of the Dagestan Scientific Centre of Russian Academy of Sciences.
Address: M. Yaragskogo st. 75, Makhachkala, Republic of Daghestan, 367030, Russian Federation.
Tel./fax: +7 (872) 262-4571, +7 (872) 262-9097
E-mail: caucasushistory@yandex.ru
