THE SYSTEM OF AUDITS AND INSPECTION IN PRIMARY PUBLIC SCHOOLS OF THE TEREK OBLAST IN THE CONTEXT OF THE EDUCATIONAL POLICY OF THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE (1870S–1880S)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32653/CH223%25pKeywords:
Terek Oblast, primary public schools, audits, inspection reports, Ministry of Public Education, educational policy of the Russian Empire, co-financing, local communities, school infrastructure, 19th centuryAbstract
The article examines the system of audits and school inspection in primary public schools (narodnye uchilishcha) of the Terek Oblast in the second half of the 19th century within the context of the educational policy of the Russian Empire. The study reveals that the inspection and audit system was not merely an auxiliary tool, but a structurally significant element of the Russian Empire's educational policy. It served as a bridge between the normative regulations of central authorities and the practical functioning of public schools at the local level. An analysis of archival materials clarifies the mechanisms of administrative control, financial regulation, and the participation of local communities in school maintenance, while also highlighting the specifics of implementing imperial educational policy in the multiethnic Caucasus. The research demonstrates that school inspections acted not only as an instrument of administrative control, but also as a mechanism for coordinating interaction among the Ministry of Public Education, the district administration, and local communities. The analysis of audit materials allows for tracking key problems in the educational sphere. The main deficiencies identified during inspections included underfunding, uneven material and technical support for schools, and other related issues. It was established that the co-financing system involving local communities became mandatory and required constant regulation by the Ministry of Public Education. Archival documents demonstrate that inspectors frequently fulfilled a mediating function, directing the efforts of local communities toward improving school conditions. Special attention in inspection reports was also paid to the content of the educational process and the teaching of additional subjects. Taken together, the inspectors' reports allow for viewing auditing practices as an essential component of the public education management system, ensuring the adaptation of imperial educational policy to the social, ethno-confessional, and economic conditions of the multiethnic regions of the Russian Empire.
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