THE ALLIANCE OF MURTAZALI-SHAMKHAL OF TARKIAND FATALI-KHAN OF QUBA IN THE CAUCASIAN POLICYOF THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE IN THE SECOND HALFOF THE 18TH CENTURY
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32653/CH222%25pKeywords:
Shamkhalate of Tarku, khanate of Quba, Russian empire, Fatali-khan, Murtazali-shamkhal, Eastern Caucasus, Dagestan, Persia, Derbent, Kaytag, azerbaijanian khanatsAbstract
This article analyzes how the alliance between the Tarki Shamkhals (Murtazali and his successor, Bammat) and the ruler of the Quba Khanate, Fatali Khan, influenced the calibration of Caucasian policy by the Russian Empire’s high officials and regional representatives during the 1760s–1780s. Utilizing a critical analysis of primary sources and specialized literature, the authors demonstrate that this alliance, forged to counter mutual political rivals, mitigated external pressures on both principalities, enabling them to pursue active geopolitical strategies across the Western and Southern Caspian regions. The study’s methodological framework is grounded in the core principles of objectivity and historicism, examining historical facts and events within their specific contemporary contexts. Based on these principles, the authors conclude that for over twenty years, Shamkhal Murtazali served as Fatali Khan’s most reliable ally and a skilled mediator in the khan’s relations with the Russian Empire. In turn, strategic engagement with the Murtazali-Fatali alliance allowed the St. Petersburg court and its regional representatives to achieve several key diplomatic and geopolitical objectives. First, it enabled Russia to defend its interests in Transcaucasia while avoiding direct military confrontations with the Ottoman Empire and Persia. Second, it prevented Russia’s Caucasian policy from becoming hostage to the expansionist ambitions of the Georgian King Erekle II and other regional potentates. Finally, by fostering a deeper comprehension of local dynamics and expanding Russia’s economic footprint, this cooperation effectively laid the groundwork for the region’s subsequent integration into the Russian Empire.
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