PIRI REIS’ MAP OF THE CASPIAN SEA: A HISTORICAL-GEOGRAPHICAL ANALYSIS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32653/CH202228-245Keywords:
Piri Reis, Bahr-i Khazar, Caspian Sea, fortifications, remains of ancient river beds, historical cartography, Dagestan, Big Nogai, Derbent, Tarki, Endirei, portolanAbstract
This study provides a detailed analysis of the portolan “Bahr-i Khazar” (Ottoman: Sea of Khazar) created by the Turkish cartographer Piri Reis in 1525. The translation from Ottoman into Russian of the preamble and toponymy on the map, along with a comparative analysis of the map’s geographical features with other cartographic materials and written sources, allows for the determination of the possible range and chronology of the sources used by Piri Reis. The research methodology includes decoding cartographic elements, comparing them with historical data, analyzing archival documents, and comparing them with similar maps from the same period. The scientific novelty of this work lies in the fact that this map has not previously been the subject of research in the Russian-speaking academic community. Studying Piri Reis’ map introduces new aspects to the history of the Caspian region, enhancing existing knowledge about the territory and water bodies at the beginning of the 16th century. The authors conclude that Piri Reis relied on Western (Venetian and Genoese) sources available to him, as well as oral reports from travelers, when compiling his portolan of the Caspian Sea. The map contains valuable information about the hydrography and fortifications of the time. The remarkable accuracy of the coastline on the portolan suggests that the Turkish maritime department had a significant interest in the navigation possibilities within the Caspian Sea, which is corroborated by other documentary evidence. The detailed depiction of the coastline around the Caspian Sea enhances the research’s value for understanding the geographical, political, and sociocultural realities of the era. Consequently, the results of this study enrich the cartographic heritage of the 16th century and expand our knowledge of the historical and geographical realities of the region, forming new perspectives for research in the fields of cartography, history, and cultural geography.
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