FUNERAL RITE AS A SOURCE FOR STUDYING IDEOLOGICAL CONCEPTS OF THE DAGESTAN POPULATION OF THE MIDDLE BRONZE AGE

Authors

  • Gamzat Dibirovic Ataev The Institute of History, Archaeology and Ethnography Daghestan Federal Research Center of RAS
  • Tufan Isaak-oglu Ahundov Institute of History, Archeology and Ethnography Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.32653/CH171115-162

Keywords:

Dagestan, Middle Bronze Age, ideological beliefs, funerary rites, mound, tomb, beliefs, cults.

Abstract

The article reviews the study of burial rituals of the Middle Bronze Age as a key source for studying ideological beliefs of the Dagestan population. The burial ritual is a major ethnographic characteristic and conservative element of an archeological culture. Along with funerary equipment, it is considered to be a reliable source for identifying features of a culture, its chronology and boundaries. The aim of the research is the study of the funeral rites of the Dagestan population of the Middle Bronze Age on the basis of analysis of burial sites, the study of which allows us to identify various religious beliefs and rituals of the cult nature of the local population. Fundamental shifts in the development of the culture of Dagestan at the turn of the Early and Middle Bronze Age led to the cultural transformation of the region and caused changes in the ideological ideas of the local population, which was reflected in the funeral rites. This led to an increase in ethnic diversity, mobility of the population, the spread of the burial mound rites, cromlechs around burial structures, the appearance of burials in log cabins and carts, the use of ocher, pebble, tree-reed bedding in the funeral rite, etc. All these facts indicate a wide variety of funerary rites.

These events are associated with the significant influence of the steppe tribes on the culture and ideological ideas of the local ones. A comprehensive study of burial structures and rituals of the population of Dagestan in the Middle Bronze Age made it possible to highlight many issues associated with ideological ideas and social organization of the society, ethnocultural contacts of the local population with neighboring tribes. The study of material of burial sites allows to get an idea of the spiritual culture of the population of the region under consideration: to reveal the fact that the population of Dagestan in the Middle Bronze Age had complex and varied beliefs, among which were ideas about the “soul”, “afterlife”; magic and protective actions, animal cults, nature and other cosmological ideas, which were also of great importance.

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Author Biographies

  • Gamzat Dibirovic Ataev, The Institute of History, Archaeology and Ethnography Daghestan Federal Research Center of RAS
    PhD (History) Senior Researcher Dept. of Archaeology
  • Tufan Isaak-oglu Ahundov, Institute of History, Archeology and Ethnography Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences
    DSc. (in History) Leading Researcher

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Published

2021-03-28

Issue

Vol. 17 No. 1 (2021)

Section

Archeology

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7.1. The Publisher shall have a right to unilaterally modify the terms of this Agreement by giving a prior notice to the Author, at least ten (10) calendar days before such modifications become effective, to the Author's e-mail address specified in the Author's application or via the Journal's site. These modifications shall become effective from the date specified in the respective notice.

7.2. If the Author disagrees with any modification in the terms of this Agreement, the Author shall have a right to submit a written notice of his/her withdrawal from this Agreement by uploading it onto the network electronic system of the article acquisition for review, available at the relevant section of the Journal's site at URL: http://www.caucasushistory.ru on the Internet.

7.3. This Agreement may be terminated early:

- at any time by mutual agreement of the Parties; or

- otherwise as stipulated herein.

7.4. The Author shall have a right to cancel this Agreement unilaterally by sending the Publisher a respective notice in writing at least sixty (60) calendar days prior to the intended date of the Author's Article publication in the Journal.

7.5. The termination of this Agreement for any reasons shall not release the Parties from responsibility for breach of any Agreement terms during the currency hereof.

  1. Liability

8.1. A Party which has failed to perform its obligations under this Agreement, either in full or in part, shall be held liable pursuant to the Russian Federation legislation in force.

8.2. All the data provided by the Author shall be trustworthy. The Author shall be responsible for completeness and reliability of the data provided to the Publisher. The use of untrustworthy information obtained from the Author shall not entail any responsibility upon the Publisher for any adverse effects resulting from its actions based on such untrustworthy information.

8.3. The Author shall take full personal responsibility for compliance with the requirements of the Russian Federation law on advertising, protection of copyright and related rights, protection of trademarks and service marks, and protection of consumer rights.

8.4. The Publisher shall not be held responsible hereunder for:

- any actions resulting directly or indirectly from the actions of the Author;

- any loss incurred by the Author whether or not the Publisher was in a position to predict such loss.

8.5. The Publisher shall be relieved from any responsibility for non-compliance with the terms of this Agreement if such non-compliance is a result of a force-majeure event such as an act of state authorities, including adoption of legal instruments, fire, flood, earthquake, other natural calamities, loss of power and/or computer network failure, strikes, civil commotions, riots, and any other similar events.

  1. Dispute Resolution Procedure

9.1. Any disputes and disagreements shall be resolved by the Parties by negotiations, and if the Parties fail to reach an agreement, these shall be resolved in accordance with the effective law of the Russian Federation.

9.2. If any disagreements remain unresolved, the Parties shall settle those at the location of the Publisher in accordance with the effective law of the Russian Federation.

  1. Miscellaneous

10.1. Any notifications, messages, requests etc., excluding documents which need to be forwarded in original form pursuant to the Russian Federation legislation, shall be deemed to have been received by the Author, if delivered (sent) by the Publisher via the Journal's site, including by publishing those, by fax or e-mail specified in the Application, or using other communication facilities. The Parties acknowledge validity of notifications, messages, requests etc. delivered (sent) using the above-listed methods.

10.2. Where the Publisher becomes subject to any claims related to non-compliance with an exclusive copyright or other intellectual property right of any third party during the writing of the Article or in connection with conclusion of this Agreement by the Author, the Author undertakes to:

- immediately upon receipt of a Publisher's notification, take measures to settle disputes with such third party, and, where necessary, join the litigation in favor of the Publisher and use its best endeavors to exclude the Publisher from the defendants;

- reimburse the legal cost, expenses and loss incurred by the Publisher as a result of application of a pre-award relief and measures for execution of a judgment, and damages paid by the Publisher to any third party for the infringement of exclusive copyright and/or other intellectual property rights, as well as other expenditures incurred by the Publisher as a result of infringement by the Author of any warranties provided hereunder.

10.3. Subject to Article 6 of the Federal Law On Personal Data No. 152-FZ dated July 27, 2006, for the period from the conclusion of this Agreement and until the discharge of Parties obligations hereunder, the Author expresses his/her consent to processing of the following personal data by the Publisher: last name, first name, patronymic; taxpayers identification number (TIN); place and date of birth; citizenship details; ID document details; registration and actual location address; e-mail address; mailing address with postal code; contact phone numbers; fax numbers; and details of the employers.

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10.5. Where permitted by the Russian Federation legislation, the Author is entitled to withdraw his/her consent to processing of personal data as listed in Clause 10.3 by forwarding a respective notice to the Publisher. Upon receipt of such notice, the Publisher has a right to suspend services.

10.6. The Author will, on a goodwill basis, submit his/her details (and details of each Co-Author subject to their prior consent) to the Journal's Editorial Office consisting of his/her: last name, first name, patronymic, academic rank, academic degree, job title, employer details (name and mailing address), work phone number and e-mail address for the purpose of its general publication in the Journal along with the Article.

  1. Registered Address and Particulars of the Publisher

The Institute of History, Archeology and Ethnography of the Dagestan Scientific Centre of Russian Academy of Sciences.

Address: M. Yaragskogo st. 75, Makhachkala, Republic of Daghestan, 367030, Russian Federation.

Tel./fax: +7 (872) 262-4571, +7 (872) 262-9097

E-mail: caucasushistory@yandex.ru

Web: http://caucasushistory.ru

How to Cite

1.
Ataev GD, Ahundov TI oglu. FUNERAL RITE AS A SOURCE FOR STUDYING IDEOLOGICAL CONCEPTS OF THE DAGESTAN POPULATION OF THE MIDDLE BRONZE AGE. ИАЭК. 2021;17(1):115-162. doi:10.32653/CH171115-162