SOME SOCIO-ECONOMIC AND CULTURAL TENDENCIES IN GROZNY IN THE FIRST QUARTER OF THE XX CENTURY
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32653/CH15157-61Keywords:
economy, culture, townspeople, Revolution, Сivil war, new economic policy, Grozny oil industry.Abstract
The article conveys some tendencies in the lives of the Chechen people who lived in Grozny in the first quarter of the XX century. The period of the 1900-1914 is characterized by the rapid development of the Grozny economic region, an increase in the number of Chechen workers who were engaged in crafts and trades, and in the number of urban population.
The author underlines such aspects of urban socio-cultural development as features of the development of public education, the formation of librarianship, book publishing, and the local nature of cultural activities. The revolutionary events of 1905–1907, February and October of 1917, contributed to the radicalization of the urban environment. Considering military-political, economic and criminal instability, most of the urban Chechens were forced to leave Grozny. The subsequent 100-day battles of the Grozny proletariat with bicherakhists (August-November of 1918) turned the life of the townspeople into harsh trials. The Civil War left debilitating scars. The Soviet power obtained the Grozny oil industry in a ruined state. The new economic policy, in particular, the creation of syndicates, trusts, concessions, led to a revival of the Grozny oil industry.
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