ИСТОРИОГРАФИЯ И ИСТОЧНИКОВЕДЕНИЕ ДЖАДИДИЗМА В ДАГЕСТАНЕ

Авторы

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.32653/CH202297-311

Ключевые слова:

Дагестан, джадидизм, мусульманское просветительство, реформа исламского образования, иджтихад, таклид, лжешейхство, карамат

Аннотация

Обзор историографии развития джадидизма и мусульманского реформаторства в Поволжье, Центральной Азии, Закавказье и изучение арабографических источников по Северо-Восточному Кавказу позволил нам согласиться с выводом ряда западных ученых, которые говорили не о джадидизме в Российской империи, а о разных формах джадидизма. Несмотря на широкий разброс идей и концепций относительно определения этого движения, все же дагестанские источники показывают определенную картину, которая позволяет нам несколько осторожно подходить к термину джадидизм XX века. Несмотря на то, что в дагестанских источниках упоминается термин «усул-и-джадид», равно как и то, что египетских реформаторов и их дагестанских последователей в местных источниках называют джадидами, все же мы стараемся не использовать этот термин применительно к Дагестану. Здесь мы можем больше говорить о мусульманском реформаторстве, чем о джадидизме, поскольку обсуждение разных вопросов в Дагестане шло исключительно в рамках мусульманской богословской традиции, со свойственной исламскому дискурсу системой определений, символов, образов и понятий. Вопреки тому, что пишет о дагестанских реформаторах советская и современная историография, они не были сторонниками секуляризации общества, не призывали к адаптации и восприятию европейской культуры. Более того, их взгляды, помимо того, что лежали сугубо в исламской плоскости, отражали также их призыв вернуться к более раннему периоду ислама, когда мусульманское общество было на пике своего развития. Сравнивая движение мусульманских реформаторов и джадидов Поволжья и Дагестана, можно отметить ряд сходств в идеях татар ал-Курсави, ал-Марджани и дагестанцев ал-Кудуки, ал-Гумуки. Все эти ученые выступали со схожими идеями иджтихада. Вместе с тем, несмотря на некоторые контакты дагестанских реформаторов и джадидов XX века, и некоторые сходства идей в вопросах реформы образования, все же джадидизм в Поволжье начала XX века и реформаторство в Дагестане было разным.

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Об авторах

  • Амир Рамазанович Наврузов, Институт истории,археологии и этнографии Дагестанский федеральный исследовательский центр РАН
    кандидат исторических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник
  • Шамиль Шихалиевич Шихалиев, Университет Амстердама, Нидерланды; Институт востоковедения РАН, Москва, Россия
    к.и.н., научный сотрудник

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Опубликован

12.08.2024

Выпуск

Раздел

История

Как цитировать

1.
Наврузов АР, Шихалиев ШШ. ИСТОРИОГРАФИЯ И ИСТОЧНИКОВЕДЕНИЕ ДЖАДИДИЗМА В ДАГЕСТАНЕ. ИАЭК. 2024;20(2):297-311. doi:10.32653/CH202297-311