TRADITIONAL OCCUPATIONS OF DARGINS IN FOLKLORE
Gadzhalova F.A.
Abstract
тHE ARTICLE COVERS THE DARGINS’ TRADITIONAL OCCUPATIONS REFLECTED IN FOLKLORE. THE AUTHOR OF THE ARTICLE CONSIDERS FOLK PROVERBS, SAYINGS, DAILY LIFE FAIRY TALES, LYRICAL SONGS, WHICH DEPICT LABOR OCCUPATIONS OF THE PEOPLE, DESCRIBES CRAFTSMEN’S TOOLS, PECULIARITIES OF MANUFACTURING OF PRODUCTS, ETC. A DISTINCTIVE FEATURE OF TRADITIONAL OCCUPATIONS OF THE DARGINS IS A STRONGLY PRONOUNCED SPECIALIZATION OF VILLAGES ACCORDING TO BRANCHES. SO, IN THE 19TH - 20TH CENTURIES THE VILLAGE OF KUBACHI AND TWO NEARBY VILLAGES - KHARBUK AND AMUZGI - WERE INSEPARABLE PARTS OF ONE LARGE METAL-WORKING PRODUCTION. THIS FEATURE IS REFLECTED IN THE FOLKLORE MATERIALS OF THESE VILLAGES. MANY FOLK GENRES OF THE DARGINS TELL OF DILIGENCE OF THE CRAFTSMEN, THE IMPORTANCE OF MASTERING CRAFT SKILLS, OF CRAFTSMANSHIP, AND SOME OF THEM ARE OF INSTRUCTIVE NATURE. THE PECULIARITIES OF THE JEWELRY CRAFT OF THE VILLAGE OF KUBACHI ARE REFLECTED IN PROVERBS AND SAYINGS ABOUT THE CRAFT, CRAFTSMEN’S ORAL STORIES ABOUT THEIR WORK, ABOUT TRIPS ON TRADE MATTERS AND ATTITUDES TOWARDS PUPILS, ABOUT UNDERSTANDING THE IMPORTANCE OF CRAFTSMANSHIP. IN DAILY LIFE AND LYRICAL SONGS OF THE KUBACHINS, THE SIGNIFICANCE OF WOMEN’S CRAFTS OF WOOL PROCESSING AND MANUFACTURING OF WOOLEN CLOTH, FEATURES OF EMBROIDERING OF TRADITIONAL CLOTHES, AND METHODS OF DECORATION OF CLOTHES ARE SHOWN. THE AUTHOR OF THE ARTICLE ALSO CONSIDERS THE SONGS, WHICH WOMEN OF THE VILLAGE OF KHARBUK PERFORM DURING COLLECTIVE ACTIVITIES. IN LOVE SONGS, SONGS EXPRESSING THOUGHTS, SONGS OF MIGRATORY LABORERS, THERE ARE LYRICAL METAPHORS CONNECTED WITH METAL-WORKING CRAFTS OF THE VILLAGE OF KUBACHI. TOPONYMIC MATERIALS AND SURVIVING NAMES OF THE VILLAGES WHERE THE DARGINS LIVE ALSO PRESENT EVIDENCES OF THE CRAFTS. THE WORKS OF THE DARGIN FOLKLORE ARE IMPORTANT ETHNOGRAPHIC SOURCES, WHICH CAN GIVE VALUABLE INFORMATION ON TRADITIONAL OCCUPATIONS OF THE PEOPLE, ON TECHNOLOGY OF HANDICRAFT MANUFACTURING, ETC.