МИКРОБИОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ СЛЕДЫ ДРЕВНЕЙ ПИЩИ В СОСУДАХ ИЗ ПОГРЕБЕНИЙ

Авторы

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.32653/CH22198-118

Ключевые слова:

погребения, почвы, археологические культуры, Крым, Армения, ритуальные сосуды, заупокойная пища, липолитические микроорганизмы, молочнокислые бактерии

Аннотация

Цель работы заключалась во введении в научный оборот новой информации о трофической структуре и таксономической диагностике микроорганизмов, сохранившихся в придонном грунте заполнения ритуальных сосудов из погребений в различных регионах Кавказа, степной зоны России и Армении. Были исследованы образцы грунта из 42 сосудов. В 4 образцах оценка численности трофических групп микробных сообществ позволила установить отсутствие пищи, в 16 образцах – наличие низкокалорийной пищи и в 12 образцах – наличие пищи с высоким содержанием жира. В 16 образцах грунта, половина из которых принадлежала к группе с высоким содержанием жира, впервые была проведена оценка таксономического положения пищевых бактерий по результатам секвенирования последовательности гена 16Sр-РНК, а также дрожжей по результатам секвенирования последовательности участка гена ITS1–5.8S–ITS2–28Sр-РНК. Были идентифицированы штаммы бактерий, осуществляющих молочнокислое брожение – Sporolactobacillus terrae, Sporolactobacillus vineae, Heyndrickxia coagulans и  Heyndrickxia acidiproducens, дрожжи Candida sorbosivorans, а также патогенные бактерии Bacillus licheniformis и  Clostridium botulinum. Наличие Clostridium botulinum оценивалось методом люминесцентной микроскопии выделенных из грунта консорциумов клеток. Уточнено филогенетическое положение штамма Sporolactobacillus vineae, выделенного ранее из грунта заполнения античной ойнохойи. Таксономическая диагностика микроорганизмов в грунте ритуальных сосудов необходима для оценки и мониторинга микробных сообществ погребальных комплексов, где захоронение пищевых продуктов способствовало обогащению микробного разнообразия и обеспечивало консервацию древних биотехнологически значимых штаммов.

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Об авторах

  • Наталья Николаевна Каширская, Институт физико-химических и биологических проблем почвоведения РАН, г. Пущино
    кандидат биологических наук, старший научный сотрудник Лаборатория археологического почвоведения
  • Елена Владиславовна Чернышева, Институт физико-химических и биологических проблем почвоведения РАН, г. Пущино
    кандидат биологических наук, старший научный сотрудник
  • Татьяна Эдуардовна Хомутова, Институт физико-химических и биологических проблем почвоведения РАН, г. Пущино
    кандидат биологических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник
  • Алексей Максимович Евстигнеев
    независимый исследователь
  • Александр Александрович Клещенко, Институт археологии РАН
    кандидат исторических наук старший научный сотрудник
  • Владимир Юрьевич Малашев, Институт археологии РАН
    кандидат исторических наук старший научный сотрудник
  • Роман Алексеевич Мимоход, Институт археологии РАН
    кандидат исторических наук старший научный сотрудник
  • Дмитрий Игоревич Зенюк, Азовский историко-археологический и палеонтологический музей-заповедник
    младший научный сотрудник отдела археологии
  • Симон Геворгович Амаякян, Институт археологии и этнографии Национальной академии наук Республики Армения
    кандидат исторических наук старший научный сотрудник
  • Арсен Александрович Бобохян, Институт археологии и этнографии Национальной академии наук Республики Армения
    кандидат исторических наук ведущий научный сотрудник
  • Александр Борисов Владимирович, Институт физико-химических и биологических проблем почвоведения РАН, г. Пущино
    кандидат биологических наук ведущий научный сотрудник

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30.03.2026

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Археология

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1.
Каширская НН, Чернышева ЕВ, Хомутова ТЭ, и др. МИКРОБИОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ СЛЕДЫ ДРЕВНЕЙ ПИЩИ В СОСУДАХ ИЗ ПОГРЕБЕНИЙ. ИАЭК. 2026;22(1):98-118. doi:10.32653/CH22198-118