О РУЧКАХ КЕРАМИЧЕСКИХ СОСУДОВ ЭПОХИ РАННЕЙ БРОНЗЫ ПРИМОРСКОГО ДАГЕСТАНА (ВОПРОСЫ ТИПОЛОГИИ И ХРОНОЛОГИИ)

Авторы

  • Арсен Лахманович Будайчиев Институт истории, археологии и этнографии Дагестанского федерального исследовательского центра РАН

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.32653/CH17189-114

Ключевые слова:

Приморский Дагестан, ранний бронзовый век, куро-аракская культурно-историческая общность, ручки керамических сосудов.

Аннотация

Основной целью данной статьи является типологическое и хронологическое изучение ручек керамических сосудов, происходящих из достаточно хорошо исследованных памятников эпохи ранней бронзы Приморской низменности Дагестана, включающие как поселения (Великент II, Геме-тюбе I, II, Кабаз-кутан I, II, Торпах-кала), так и могильники (Великент I (катакомба № 8), II (катакомба № 1), III (катакомба № 1), Карабудахкент II, Каякент VI), входивших в ареал великентской культуры куро-аракской культурно-исторической общности. Первые ручки на Северо-Восточном Кавказе появились у керамической посуды еще в энеолитическую эпоху. В период раннего бронзового века ручки становятся характерной частью керамической посуды (миски, тарные сосуды, кубки, вазы) на рассматриваемых памятниках Приморского Дагестана. Функционально они имеют утилитарное, декоративно-художественное и культовое назначение. Ручки представлены четырьмя типами, которые характерны для тех или иных форм посуды: тип 1 – горизонтально-трубчатые, тип 2 – ленточные, тип 3 – псевдоручки, тип 4 – полушарные. В статье дается описание каждого типа ручек, приводятся аналоги на памятниках раннего бронзового века как Северо-Восточного Кавказа, так и сопредельных регионов Кавказа – включая территории современных Ирана, Турции Палестины и Израиля, входивших в ареал распространения куро-аракской культурно-исторической общности (включая хирбет-керакскую культуру). В работе выделяются наиболее распространенные и ранние, восходящие к периоду энеолита, типы ручек, рассматривается вопрос их хронологии. Настоящая статья является первой специальной работой, посвященной типологическому и хронологическому анализу керамических ручек сосудов.

Скачивания

Данные по скачиваниям пока не доступны.

Биография автора

  • Арсен Лахманович Будайчиев, Институт истории, археологии и этнографии Дагестанского федерального исследовательского центра РАН
    младший научный сотрудник отдела археологии

Список литературы

Magomedov RG. On the issue of identifying and interpreting the great culture of the Kuro-Araxes cultural and historical society. [K voprosu o vydelenii i interpretacii velikentskoj kultury kuro-arakskoj kulturno-istoricheskoj obschnosti] Historical science of Dagestan: today and tomorrow. Abstracts of the scientific session [Istoricheskaya nauka Dagestana: segodnya i zavtra. Tezisy dokladov nauchnoj sessii]. Makhachkala; 2003:38-44. (In Russ.)

Magomedov RG. Kuro-Arak culture in the North-Eastern Caucasus: problems of identification and chronology [Kuro-arakskaya kultura na Severo-Vostochnom Kavkaze: problemy identifikacii i hronologii] Horizons of modern humanitarian knowledge. To the 80th anniversary of Academician G.G. Gamzatova [Gorizonty sovremennogo gumanitarnogo znaniya. K 80-letiyu akademika G.G. Gamzatova]. Moscow: Nauka. Collection; 2008:687-696. (In Russ.)

Gadzhiev MG. Ceramics of mountainous Dagestan of the early metal era [Keramika gornogo Dagestana epohi rannego metalla] Ceramics of ancient and medieval Dagestan [Keramika drevnego i srednevekovogo Dagestana]. Makhachkala; 1981:4-34. (In Russ.)

Gadzhiev MG. Early agriculture of the North-Eastern Caucasus: the Eneolithic and Early Bronze Age [Rannezemledelcheskaya kultura Severo-Vostochnogo Kavkaza: epoha eneolita i rannej bronzy]. Moscow: Nauka, 1991. (In Russ.)

Rothman MS. Kura-Araxes culture areas and the late 4th and early 3rd millennia BC pottery from Veli Sevin’s surveys in Malatya and Elaziğ, Turkey. Origini. Preistoria e protostoria delle civiltà antiche / Prehistory and protohistory of ancient civilizations. XXXVI; 2014:37-91.

Lyonnet B. Introduction. Les cultures du Caucase (VI ͤ -III ͤ mille΄naires avant notre ère). Leurs relations avec le Proche-Orient. Paris: CNRS Editions; 2007:11-19.

Palumbi G. Bridging the frontiers. Pastoral groups in the upper Euphrates region in the early third millennium B.C.E. Origini. Preistoria e protostoria delle civiltà antiche. Prehistory and protohistory of ancient civilizations. XXXIV; 2012:261-278.

Mazar A. (ed.). The Beth-Shean valley in the Early Bronze age. Excavations at Tel Beth-Shean 1989-1996. Vol. IV. The 4th and 3rd Millennia B.C.E. Jerusalem; 2012.

Nigro L. (ed.). Khirbet Al-Batrawy an Early Bronze Age Fortified Town in North-Central Jordan. Preliminary report of the first season

of excavations (2005). (Rome “La Sapienza” studies on the archeology of Palestine & Transjordan. 3). Rome; 2006.

Musaev DL. Serkertepe is an early Bronze Age settlement [Serkertepe – poselenie epohi rannej bronzy]. Baku: Nafta-Press, 2006. (In Russ.)

Gadjiev M, Kohl Ph, Magomedov R. and Stronach D. The 1994 Excavations of the Daghestan-American Archaeological Expedition to Velikent in Southern Daghestan, Russia. Iran. XXXIII; 1995:139-150. (In Russ.)

Palumbi G, Alvaro C, Grifoni C, and Frangipane M with contributions by Vignola C and Terrasi F. A ‘communal’ building of the beginning of the Early Bronze Age at Arslantepe-Malatya (Turkey). Spatio-functional analysis and interpretation of the archaeological context. Paléorient: revue plurisinaire de prehistoire et protohistoire de l’Asie du Sud-Ouest et de l’Asie centrale. 2017; 43(1):89-123.

Greenberg R. Transcaucasia colors: Khirbet Kerak Ware at Khirbet Kerak (Tel Bet Yerah). Les cultures des Caucase (VIe – IIIe millénaire avant notre ère). Paris: CNRS Editions; 2007:257–268.

Magomedov RG. On excavations at the settlement of the Early Bronze Age Kabaz-Kutan II [Izuchenie i sohranenie arheologicheskogo naslediya narodov Kavkaza XHIX Krupnovskie chteniya] Study and preservation of the archaeological heritage of the peoples of the Caucasus XXIX Krupnovskie readings. Materials of the International Scientific Conference (Grozny, April 18-21, 2016) [O raskopkah na poselenii epohi rannej bronzy Kabaz-Kutan II Materialy Mezhdunarodnoj nauchnoj konferencii (Groznij, 18-21 aprelya 2016 g)]. Grozny: CGU; 2016:39-41. (In Russ.)

Magomedov RG. Materials for the study of the Bronze Age in Primorsky Dagestan [Materialy k izucheniyu epohi bronzy v primorskom Dagestane]. Makhachkala: IHAE; 2000.

Gadzhiev MS., Magomedov RG. Torpakh-kala – Kuro-Araxes settlement and Sassanid settlement in South Dagestan. Archeology of the Caucasus and the Middle East. Collection for the 80th anniversary of Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Professor R.M. Munchaev. Moscow; 2008:276–297. (In Russ.)

Kanivets VI, Berezanskaya SS. Mounds of the Bronze Age on Sulak [Kurgany bronzovogo veka na Sulake] Materials on the archeology of Dagestan. Makhachkala, 1959;(1):60-85. (In Russ.)

Budaichiev AL. On the ceramics of the Kuro-Arak settlement of Novo-Gaptsah. [O keramike kuro-arakskogo poseleniya Novo-Gapcah] Newest discoveries in the archeology of the North Caucasus: Research and interpretations of the XXVII Krupnovskie readings. Materials of the International Scientific Conference (Makhachkala, April 23-28, 2012) [Novejshie otkrytiya v arheologii Severnogo Kavkaza: Issledovaniya i interpretacii XXVII Krupnovskie chteniya. Materialy Mezhdunarodnoj nauchnoj konferencii (Mahachkala, 23-28 aprelya 2012 g.)]. Makhachkala, 2012:32-33. (In Russ.)

Ismailzade GS. Azerbaijan in the system of the early Bronze cultural community of the Caucasus [Azerbajdzhan v sisteme rannebronzovoj kulturnoj obschnosti Kavkaza]. Baku: Nafta-Press, 2008. (In Russ.)

Kushnareva KKh, Chubinishvili TN. The most ancient cultures of the South Caucasus [Drevnejshie kultury Yuzhnogo Kavkaza]. Leningrad: Nauka; 1970. (In Russ.)

Kushnareva KKh. South Caucasus in the IX-II millennium BC (stages of cultural and socio-economic development) [Yuzhnij Kavkaz v IX–II tys. do n.e. (etapy kulturnogo i socialno-ekonomicheskogo razvitiya)]. St Petersburg: Petersburg Oriental Studies; 1993. (In Russ.)

Isikli M, Yardimciel A. Kura-Araxes Pottery from Kars Museum: A Corpus Study. Studies in Caucasian Archeology. 2017;3:4-24.

Munchaev RM. Caucasus at the dawn of the Bronze Age: Neolithic, Eneolithic, Early Bronze [Kavkaz na zare bronzovogo veka: Neolit, eneolit, rannyaya bronza]. Moscow: Nauka; 1975. (In Russ.)

Rostunov VL. New monuments of the Early Bronze Age in the foothill zone of North Ossetia (the settlements of Redant I and Redant II) [Novye pamyatniki epohi rannej bronzy v predgornoj zone Severnoj Osetii (poseleniya Redant I i Redant II)] Materials for the study of the historical and cultural heritage of the North Caucasus. Issue VIII. Krupnovskie readings 1971-2006. Moscow; 2008:768-770. (In Russ.)

Gulcur S, Marro C. The view from the North: comparative analysis of the Chalcolithic pottery assemblages from Norşuntepe and Ovçular Tepesi. Varia Anatolica XXVII. After the Ubaid: Interpreting change from the Caucasus to Mesopotamia at the dawn of urban civilization (4500-3500 BC). Papers from The Post-Ubaid Horizon in the Fertile Crescent and Beyond. International Workshop held at Fosseuse, 29th June-1st July 2009. Paris, 2012:305-352.

Paz Y, Rosenberg D, and Nativ A. Excavations at Lod: Neolithic and Chalcolithic Remains and an Egyptian presence in the early bronze age. Salvage Excavation Reports. 2005;2:114-158.

Kuliyeva Z, Bahseliyev V. Nahcivan’in kalkolitik cag Kültürü (Azerbaycan) chalcolithic period culture of Nakhchivan (Azerbaijan) Tüba-ar. Türkiye Bilimler Akademisi Arkeoloji Dergisi. Turkish Academy of Sciences Journal of Archeology. 2018; 23:29-52.

Budaichiev AL. Early Bronze Age Jars of Southern Dagestan [Banochnye sosudy YUzhnogo Dagestana epohi rannej bronzy] Acta historica. Works on history, archeology, ethnography and social science. 2018;1(2):33-35.

Magomedov RG. On the complexes of the Maikop culture on the territory of Dagestan. [O kompleksah majkopskoj kultury na territorii Dagestana] Mountains and plains of the North-Eastern Caucasus in antiquity and in the Middle Ages [Gory i ravniny Severo-Vostochnogo Kavkaza v drevnosti i v srednie veka]. Makhachkala: IHAE DSC RAS, 1991:13-38.

Ivanova SV. Trade routes and migrations in Southeast Europe in the early Bronze Age. [Torgovye puti i migracii v YUgo-Vostochnoj Evrope v rannem bronzovom veke] Materials on the archeology of the Northern Black Sea region (Cultural space between the Balkans and the Great Steppe in the Stone and Bronze Age) [Materialy po arheologii Severnogo Prichernomorya (Kulturnoe prostranstvo mezhdu Balkanami i velikoj stepyu v epohu kamnya i bronzy)]. Issue 11. Odessa, 2010:163-253.

Ismailov GS. Archaeological research of the ancient settlement Baba-Dervish (III millennium BC) [Arheologicheskoe issledovanie drevnego poseleniya Baba-Dervish (III tys. do n.e.)]. Baku: Elm, 1977.

Akcay A. A late uruk-early bronze age transitional period cemetery in the upper Tigris region: Asagi Salat Mersin university publications of the research center of cilician archaeology (KAAM)-XXV. Mersin, 2017:49-90.

Erlikh VR, Magomedov RG. Mound-sanctuary of the Middle Bronze Age in Primorsky Dagestan [Kurgan-svyatilische epohi srednej bronzy v Primorskom Dagestane] Study and preservation of the archaeological heritage of the peoples of the Caucasus XXIX Krupnovskie readings. Materials of the International Scientific Conference (Grozny, April 18-21, 2016) [Izuchenie i sohranenie arheologicheskogo naslediya narodov Kavkaza XHIX Krupnovskie chteniya. Materialy Mezhdunarodnoj

nauchnoj konferencii (Groznij, 18-21 aprelya 2016 g)]. Grozny: Publishing house of CGU, 2016:66-68.

Kanivets VI. Miatli – a new monument of the Bronze Age in Northern Dagestan [Miatli – novij pamyatnik bronzovogo veka v Severnom Dagestane Materials on the archeology of Dagestan [Materialy po arheologii Dagestana]. Vol. I. Makhachkala, 1959:31–59.

Kostyuchenko IP. Excavations at the Miatlinsky kurgan field in 1955. Materials on the archeology of Dagestan [Raskopki Miatlinskogo kurgannogo polya v 1955 g. // Materialy po arheologii Dagestana]. Vol. I. Makhachkala, 1959:86-120.

Magomedov RG. Ginchinskaya culture: (Mountains of Dagestan and South-Eastern Chechnya in the Middle Bronze Age) [Ginchinskaya kultura: (Gory Dagestana i YUgo-Vostochnoj CHechni v epohu srednej bronzy)]. Makhachkala: DSC RAS, 1998.

Kuftin BA. Urartian “columbarium” at the foot of Ararat and Kuro-Arak Eneolithic [Urartskij «kolumbarij» u podoshvy Ararata i kuro-arakskij eneolit]. Makhachkala: Mavraev, 2012. (reprinted edition).

Sagona AG. The Caucasian Region in the Early Bronze Age. (British Archaeological Reports Series 214). Oxford, 1984.

Gadzhiev M, Kohl Ph, Magomedov R, Stronach D, Gadzhiev S. Daghestan-American archaeological investigations in Daghestan, Russia 1997-99. Eurasia Antiqua. 2000; 6: 47-121.

Munchaev RM. Kuro-Arak culture. [Kuro-arakskaya kultura] Archeology. The Bronze Age of the Caucasus and Central Asia: Early and Middle Bronze Age of the Caucasus [Arheologiya. Epoha bronzy Kavkaza i Srednej Azii: Rannyaya i srednyaya bronza Kavkaza]. Moscow: Nauka; 1994:8-382.

Markovin VI., Munchaev RM. North Caucasus (Essays on ancient and medieval history and culture) [Severnij Kavkaz (Ocherki drevnej i srednevekovoj istorii i kultury)]. Moscow, Tula: Grif and K.; 2003.

Munchaev RM. Caucasus at the dawn of the Bronze Age: Neolithic, Eneolithic, Early Bronze [Kavkaz na zare bronzovogo veka: Neolit, eneolit, rannyaya bronza]. Moscow: Nauka; 1975.

Iserlis M., Greenberg R., Badalyan R., Goren Y. Bet Yerah, Aparan III and Karnut I: Preliminary observations on Kura-Araxes homeland and diaspora ceramic technologies. Tüba-ar. Türkiye Bilimler Akademisi Arkeoloji Dergisi. Turkish Academy of Sciences Journal of archeology. 2010; 13: 245–262.

Gadzhiev MG, Davudov OM, Shikhsaidov AR. History of Dagestan [Istoriya Dagestana]. Makhachkala: DSC RAS;1996. (In Russ.)

Palumbi G. The Early Bronze Age of the Southern Caucasus. Oxford Handbooks Online. Online Publication Date: Oct 2016. p. 1–40. Available from: https://www.oxfordhandbooks.com/view/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199935413.001.0001/oxfordhb-9780199935413-e-14?print=pdf [Accessed 27 November 2020].

Smirnov KF. Archaeological research in Dagestan in 1948-1950 [Arheologicheskie issledovaniya v Dagestane v 1948-1950 gg.] Brief reports of the Institute of Archeology. 1952; 45: 83–96. (In Russ.)

Munchaev RM, Smirnov KF. Archaeological sites near the village Karabudakhkent [Arheologicheskie pamyatniki bliz s. Karabudahkent] Materials and research on archeology of the USSR [Materialy i issledovaniya po arheologii SSSR]. 1958;68:147-175. (In Russ.)

Gadzhiev MS, Magomedov RG, Eltsov PA, Budaichiev AL. Excavations at the settlement of the Early Bronze Age Sugut. Herald of the Institute of History, Archeology and Ethnography of the Caucasus. 2007;(4):134-144. (In Russ.)

Magomedov RG, Gadzhiev MS, Budaichiev AL. Research on the settlement of the Early Bronze Age Sugut [Issledovaniya na poselenii epohi rannej bronzy Sugyut] Materials of the International Scientific Conference. Caucasus archeology and ethnology. Azerbaijan, Shamkir (September 11-12, 2008 Baku.) Baku, 2009:95-99. (In Russ.)

Gadzhiev MG, Magomedov RG, Kol LF. New catacomb burial grounds of the Bronze Age in the vicinity of the villages. Velikent [Novye katakombnye mogilniki epohi bronzy v okrestnostyah sel. Velikent] Materials for the study of the historical and cultural heritage of the North Caucasus. Issue VIII. Moscow, 2008:557-558.

Gadzhiev MG, Gadzhiev ShM. Excavations of settlements Velikent I and II in Dagestan [Raskopki poselenij Velikent I i II v Dagestane] Archaeological discoveries 2001 [Arheologicheskie otkrytiya 2001 g.]. Moscow, 2002:258-259. (In Russ.)

Загрузки

Опубликован

28.03.2021

Выпуск

Раздел

Археология

Как цитировать

1.
Будайчиев АЛ. О РУЧКАХ КЕРАМИЧЕСКИХ СОСУДОВ ЭПОХИ РАННЕЙ БРОНЗЫ ПРИМОРСКОГО ДАГЕСТАНА (ВОПРОСЫ ТИПОЛОГИИ И ХРОНОЛОГИИ). ИАЭК. 2021;17(1):89-114. doi:10.32653/CH17189-114