POLYGYNY AMONG BASHKIRS AS ETHNOSOCIAL EVENT IN THE PAST AND PRESENT
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32653/CH13497-102Keywords:
Bashkirs, polygyny, laws of the Russian Federation, archival documents, field materialsAbstract
Basing on the analysis of archival documents, field ethnographic sources, government documents, press materials of the post-revolutionary period and literary sources, the author of the article considers the actual phenomenon of the past and the present - polygyny. The object of the investigation is the development of this phenomenon among the Bashkirs in the historical perspective. It is shown that polygyny among the Bashkirs was the way to solve social problems related to providing future generations, survival during the years of poverty and hunger, demographic imbalance as a result of numerous wars rather than the indicator of prosperity and status of the man. It was most often practiced among semi-nomadic Bashkirs in undivided families. According to statistics, polygyny among the Bashkirs in the 18th - 19th centuries did not significantly influence the growth of the Bashkir population. In the post-revolutionary years, when the Soviet state began the struggle against the “survivals of times past”, the Bashkir women themselves appealed to the government structures with the request to let them continue their previous life as they had no place to go, bridewealth had been paid for them, and the religious rite nikah had been conducted. Men-polygamists officially completed a divorce, but continued to live with several wives. Among polygamists there were party officials. They were expelled from the party, but the custom was preserved, especially in the areas of traditional existence of polygyny (Zilairsky, Tamyan-Kataisky, Mesyagutovsky and Argayashsky cantons of the Bashkir Republic). Polygyny became widespread after the Great Patriotic War due to gender disproportion. Most contemporaries do not disapprove polygyny, some appeal to legalize this custom, justifying it by the need to solve demographic problems. Nowadays polygyny is common among urban Bashkirs.Downloads
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