BLACKSMITH LOCKS OF DAGESTAN (FORGOTTEN PAGES OF DARGIN ETHNOCULTURE)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32653/CH131120-133Keywords:
locks, blacksmithing, traditional culture, ethnic culture Dargin, p.Harbuk, p.Amuzgi, p.KubachiAbstract
Article is devoted to it to the phenomenon of the Dagestan ethnographic culture «forgotten» by scientists as superimposed forge locks. They aren't also in the state museums of the republic. Dagestanis had still such locks in which the locking mechanism widely known in the Middle Ages was used, as in Russia until recently, and in the east and the West. At the same time, the type of the lock (delivery note), a form of a design, its variation, an original forge pattern, names testify to the original ethnocultural phenomenon which sources aren't up to the end clear. Superimposed forge locks for the first time were revealed by us at Dargins of Dakhadayevsky district. Still in due time the famous caucasiologist E. M. Shilling paid attention that the ethnoculture of Dargins contains the interesting materials of archaic type which didn't remain at other mountain people of Dagestan. Field material demonstrates that such locks were generally manufactured by masters of villages Amuzgi and Harbuk. The description of a design of locks, in particular their spring mechanism is given. Some data on names of locks are provided in article and the attempt to explain their origin becomes. Material shows that all versions of names of forge locks of a local origin. In the Dargwa language the word "meg" means "iron", "metal". The same word, as a rule, designates also the lock. Forge superimposed locks of Dargins - the unique phenomenon of cultural history of Dagestan bearing on itself a seal of early traditions of metal working. It is obvious that it is necessary to continue searches of new materials and studying of this phenomenon of culture.
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Наша статья написана преимущественно на основе полевого материала. Поэтому, пользуясь возможностью, авторы выражают признательность за информацию завотделом этнографии ИИАЭ ДНЦ РАН, д.и.н. Магомедхану Магомедханову, доценту кафедры Отечественной истории ДГУ Мураду Гаджимурадову, в.н.с. Института ЯЛИ ДНЦ РАН Сапияханум Темирбулатовой, кандидату медицинских наук из Саратова Закарие Юзбашеву, известному искусствоведу из Англии Роберту Ченсинеру, н.с. Института ЯЛИ ДНЦ РАН Тимуру Гамидову, другим нашим информантам Бурлият Магомедовой, Курбану Рабаданову, Абдулазизу Рабаданову, Нураттину Бахмудову, Гаджирабадану Шахаеву, Саиду Шамову.
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