DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS BETWEEN ARMENIA AND IRAN: THE INTERIM PERIOD BETWEEN SOVIETIZATION AND THE FORMATION OF THE USSR (1920–1922)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32653/CH223%25pKeywords:
Soviet Armenia, Iran, diplomatic relations, consulates, foreign policy, Armenian diaspora, political transformation.Abstract
Following the Sovietization of Armenia in December 1920, the newly established Soviet authorities instituted foreign diplomatic missions and consulates to structure the republic’s external relations. Focusing on neighboring Iran, Soviet Armenia prioritized mutually beneficial bilateral cooperation centered on three objectives: addressing the socio-economic concerns of the local Armenian diaspora, expanding trade ties, and neutralizing the political influence of the exiled Armenian Revolutionary Federation (ARF). The Plenipotentiary Mission in Tehran and the Consulate in Tabriz were established in September and December 1921, respectively. Concurrently, the Iranian Consulate in Yerevan organized economic relief and issued travel documentation for Iranian citizens, maintaining active coordination with Armenia's People's Commissariat for Foreign Affairs. Although the formation of the Transcaucasian Federation in March 1922 centralized foreign policy and ultimately led to the closure of Armenian posts in Tehran (November 1922) and Tabriz (January 1923), early Soviet Armenian–Iranian relations functioned as an effective diplomatic channel for economic recovery, regional stability, and diaspora management. Drawing on archival records, periodical literature, and historiography, this study employs historical-critical, comparative, and chronological methods to analyze the institutional dynamics and political context of 1920–1922 Soviet Armenian–Iranian diplomacy.
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