EXCAVATIONS OF THE NEWLY DISCOVERED MONUMENTAL FORTIFICATION OF SASANID IRAN ON THE RIVER RUBAS IN 2017
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24411/2618-6772-2018-10114Keywords:
fortification on the river Rubas (Southern Daghestan), monumental defensive wall, construction of arch construction, Sasanian IranAbstract
The article considers the newest materials of archaeological research of the newly-open fortification on the river Rubas (Southern Daghestan), conducted in 2017. Extensive excavations of this monument of cultural heritage have been carried out since 2016 in the framework of the RFBR's initiative project "Strategic Defense System in the Eastern Caucasus in the Age of the Great Migration of Nations" No. 16-06-00064 (Project Manager A B.Gmyrya). The authors of this article - the executors of the RFBR project - took direct part in the excavation of this monument in 2017. Monumental fortification on the river Rubas is unique in its military engineering characteristics, as well as the peculiarity that for more than a thousand years this monument of archeology remained preserved with mudflow of the river and was not subjected to anthropogenic influences. This circumstance makes it possible to study the monumental fortification structure, discovered in 2014, in the full scale of its characteristic features, corresponding to the content of the projects of the architects of antiquity, executed by the contemporaries of this grandiose structure - engineers, construction workers, stone cutters, auxiliary workers, etc. In written sources of the 5th-10th centuries there are practically no data on the construction of the large protective line to the south of Derbent. Therefore, only on the basis of archaeological data, it is possible to reconstruct the layout of this structure, to determine the features of its structural elements and the technology of erection, and, most important, to clarify the military-strategic tasks that led to its construction in the valley of the river Rubas. Excavations of the Rubas fortification in 2017 were based on the results of the research of 2016, two military-engineering facilities - the monumental defensive wall and a separate construction of an arch structure. The purpose of the excavation of 2017 was both studying the layout and design of these structures and ascertaining the reasons for using different technologies for their erection. In 2017 the material evidence of vanishing of the Rubas fortification, connected with the natural disasters, was unexpectedly discovered. The scientific significance of the data obtained during excavations of this outstanding monument of cultural heritage cannot be overestimated. But the most important - the newly discovered evidence of the high level of construction art in the studied region in the early Middle Ages, not inferior to the cultural centers of the Middle East.Downloads
References
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